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日期:2021-03-09

政大語言學/英語教學學術工作坊
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講者:
Professor Carlos Gussenhoven
National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu
Radboud Universiteit, Nijmegen

講題:
The Frequency Code and Beyond
Presentation in Memory of John J. Ohala (1941-2020)

摘要:

Like non-verbal communication, paralinguistic communication is rooted in anatomical and physiological factors. Paralinguistic form-meaning relations arise from the way these affect speech production, with modifications deriving from the cultural and linguistic context. In 2002, I classified these effects into ‘biological codes’, following the terminological lead of John Ohala’s Frequency Code. Intonational morphemes, though arguably non-arbitrary in principle, are in fact heavily biased toward these paralinguistic meanings.

 

Paralinguistic and linguistic meanings for four biological codes are illustrated. In addition to the Frequency Code, these are the Effort Code, the Respiratory Code, and the Sirenic Code. The relations between anatomical and physiological conditions and the resulting paralinguistic and linguistic meanings vary in directness. For instance, if high pitch signals uncertainty and interrogativity, then so will peaks of rising-falling pitch contours, but since producing a higher-ending rise will take longer, a later peak may signal more uncertainty and interrogativiy than an earlier peak of the same height (a ‘secondary’ effect).

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